Active distribution networks or microgrids? Optimal design of resilient and flexible distribution grids with energy service provision

Ensuring the continuity of service in electricity distribution grids at minimum costs is a key challenge many countries, as extreme weather events and fluctuating renewable energy increase. New grid concepts such active networks with distributed resources, or microgrids that can operate islanded mode, offer opportunities to improve reliability resilience grids. This paper presents an network design optimization option transition into microgrid, quantifying improvements, considering faults within well unexpected islanding events, which require fast-ramping resources. Flexibility, both loads used provide services surrounding detailed general model. Solving resulting mixed-integer linear program Column Constraint Generation Surrogate Absolute Value Lagrangian Relaxation decreases computational time significantly. Case studies sensitivity analyses results for targets entailing optimum microgrids, quantify contribution provision reduce overall costs.